Placenta Accreta: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Placenta accreta is a serious condition where the placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall. This can lead to complications during childbirth. It's becoming more common due to the rise in cesarean deliveries. Prevalence ranges from 1 in 533 births to 1 in 2,500 births. Accreta can cause severe bleeding after delivery, risking the mother's life. Early detection and proper management by healthcare providers are crucial to ensure a safe delivery and prevent potential complications.

Causes of Placenta Accreta

Placenta accreta is a serious condition where the placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall. Several factors can contribute to its development:

  • Previous cesarean sections
  • Advanced maternal age
  • Multiparity (having multiple pregnancies)
  • Placenta previa (placenta covering the cervix)
  • Uterine scarring from previous surgeries or procedures

Symptoms of Placenta Accreta

Recognizing the symptoms of placenta accreta is crucial for early detection and improved outcomes. This condition occurs when the placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall. Symptoms may include:

  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding during pregnancy
  • Severe abdominal pain
  • Preterm labor
  • Difficulty delivering the placenta after birth
  • Uterine tenderness
Early identification of these signs can lead to timely interventions and better management of placenta accreta, reducing associated risks for both the mother and the baby.

Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta

Accurate diagnosis of placenta accreta is crucial as it can lead to severe complications during childbirth. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and sometimes invasive procedures. The diagnostic process may include:

  • Transabdominal ultrasound
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • Color Doppler ultrasound
  • Ultrasound with saline infusion sonohysterography
These methods help healthcare providers assess the extent of placental invasion, plan for delivery, and ensure proper management to reduce the risk of complications for both the mother and baby.

Treatment Options for Placenta Accreta

Placenta accreta treatment approaches should be tailored to each patient's specific needs.

Surgical Management

  • Surgical removal of the placenta and affected uterus tissues.
  • Essential for severe cases where the placenta is deeply attached to the uterine wall.
  • To prevent severe bleeding and potential life-threatening complications.
  • Involves pre-operative planning, meticulous surgical technique, and post-operative monitoring.

Uterine Artery Embolization

  • A procedure to block the blood vessels supplying the uterus.
  • Reduces blood flow to the placenta, aiding in its detachment.
  • To control bleeding and preserve the uterus when possible.
  • Includes imaging guidance, catheter insertion, and embolic agent delivery.

Medical Management

  • Administration of medications to induce uterine contractions and expel the placenta.
  • Used in less severe cases or when surgery is not feasible.
  • To promote placental separation and reduce the risk of hemorrhage.
  • Involves close monitoring for effectiveness and potential side effects.

Prevention and Management of Placenta Accreta

Placenta accreta is a serious pregnancy complication where the placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall. Making lifestyle changes and taking proactive measures can help prevent or manage this condition effectively.

Lifestyle Modifications:

  • Avoiding smoking and illicit drugs
  • Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise
  • Managing chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension

Regular Screenings:

  • Regular prenatal check-ups to monitor the placenta's growth
  • Ultrasounds to detect any signs of placenta accreta early
  • Discussing any previous cesarean sections with your healthcare provider

Supportive Care:

  • Seeking care from a high-risk pregnancy specialist
  • Creating a birth plan that includes a team experienced in managing accreta
  • Discussing delivery options like scheduled cesarean and possible hysterectomy

If you’ve been having any symptoms or worries about placenta accreta, please reach out to our doctors. They will listen to your concerns, answer your questions and guide you through the next steps.

Frequently Asked Questions

How is placenta accreta diagnosed during pregnancy?

Placenta accreta is diagnosed during pregnancy through ultrasound imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or sometimes during a cesarean section.

What are the risks of placenta accreta to both mother and baby?

Placenta accreta poses risks of severe bleeding to the mother during delivery and potential preterm birth complications for the baby.

Can placenta accreta be treated with surgery?

Yes, placenta accreta can be treated with surgery to remove the placenta from the uterine wall. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial.

What is the role of cesarean delivery in placenta accreta cases?

Cesarean delivery is often necessary in placenta accreta cases to prevent severe bleeding and complications during childbirth.

Can placenta accreta be prevented during pregnancy?

Placenta accreta cannot be prevented during pregnancy, but early detection and proper management are crucial for a safe delivery.

How does placenta accreta affect the postpartum period?

Placenta accreta can lead to postpartum hemorrhage, infection, and potential need for surgical intervention, impacting the postpartum period.

What are the symptoms of placenta accreta?

Placenta accreta symptoms include vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and difficulties during delivery. Early diagnosis is crucial for management.

Can placenta accreta lead to heavy bleeding after delivery?

Yes, placenta accreta can lead to heavy postpartum bleeding due to difficulty detaching the placenta from the uterine wall.

How can placenta accreta impact future pregnancies?

Placenta accreta can increase the risk of future pregnancies having placental abnormalities, excessive bleeding, and the need for a cesarean section.

What treatment options are available for placenta accreta complications?

Treatment options for placenta accreta complications include surgery, such as a hysterectomy or removal of the placenta, and in some cases, blood transfusions.