Cephalohematoma: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Cephalohematoma is a common condition in newborns where bleeding occurs between the baby's skull and its fibrous covering. Although it looks alarming, cephalohematoma is usually harmless and resolves on its own over several weeks. It affects about 1-2% of newborns and is often caused by pressure during birth. While it may cause a soft lump on the baby's head, it typically disappears without treatment. It's essential to monitor it closely and follow your healthcare provider's advice for proper management.

Causes of Cephalohematoma

Cephalohematoma, a collection of blood between a baby's skull and periosteum, usually occurs due to the following factors:

• Trauma during delivery, like the use of forceps or vacuum extraction
• Prolonged labor or a difficult birth
• Babies with large birth weights

Symptoms of Cephalohematoma

Cephalohematoma is a condition where blood collects between a baby's skull and the periosteum, a membrane that covers bones. Recognizing the symptoms early is crucial for timely intervention and better outcomes. Symptoms of cephalohematoma include:

• Swelling on the baby's head
• A raised, firm lump that may increase in size
• Yellowing of the skin over the lump
• Irritability or fussiness in the baby
• Possible anemia if a large amount of blood is lost

Diagnosis of Cephalohematoma

Accurate diagnosis of cephalohematoma is crucial for timely management and preventing complications. During the diagnostic process, healthcare providers typically perform a physical examination and may order imaging studies to confirm the condition. Diagnostic methods include:

• Physical examination to assess for a raised, fluctuant mass on the infant's head
• Ultrasound to visualize the collection of blood between the periosteum and skull bone
• X-ray to rule out underlying skull fractures

Treatment Options for Cephalohematoma

Cephalohematoma, a collection of blood between a baby's skull and the periosteum, often resolves on its own without treatment. However, in certain cases, medical intervention may be necessary. When considering treatment options, individualized care is crucial to ensure the best outcome for each baby. Here are the main approaches to treating cephalohematoma:

Observation

• Observation involves closely monitoring the cephalohematoma without intervention.
• This approach is based on the understanding that many cephalohematomas will resolve spontaneously over time.
• The primary objective is to allow natural reabsorption of the blood without intervention.
• Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to track the progress of the cephalohematoma.

Aspiration

• Aspiration is a procedure where a healthcare provider uses a needle to drain the blood from the cephalohematoma.
• This treatment is considered in cases where the cephalohematoma is large or causing significant complications.
• The primary objective is to reduce the size of the swelling and alleviate any pressure on the baby's skull.
• The procedure should be performed by a skilled healthcare provider to minimize risks.

Surgical Intervention

• Surgical intervention is a last resort for severe or persistent cephalohematomas that do not resolve with other treatments.
• This treatment may involve making an incision to drain the blood and remove the membrane surrounding the hematoma.
• The primary objective is to prevent complications such as infection or bone deformities.
• Surgical intervention is typically considered only in rare and severe cases.

Prevention and Management of Cephalohematoma

To prevent or manage cephalohematoma, lifestyle changes and proactive measures can play a crucial role. Here are some key steps you can take:

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Avoid trauma to the baby's head during delivery.
• Ensure proper positioning of the baby during birth.
• Follow safe sleep practices to reduce the risk of injury.

Regular Screenings:

• Attend prenatal check-ups to monitor the baby's growth and development.
• Discuss any concerns about the baby's head shape with the healthcare provider.
• Follow up with recommended postnatal visits for close monitoring.

Supportive Care:

• Provide gentle head support for the baby, especially during handling.
• Use soft bedding and avoid pressure on the affected area.
• Seek medical advice if you notice any unusual swelling or changes on the baby's head.

If you’ve been having any symptoms or worries about cephalohematoma, please reach out to our doctors. They will listen to your concerns, answer your questions and guide you through the next steps.